PGW Defence Technologies Inc. (PGWDTI), situated in Winnipeg, Manitoba, represents a distinct and highly specialized node within the global small arms industrial complex. Formerly operating as Prairie Gun Works, the firm has successfully transitioned from a boutique custom gunsmithing atelier into a globally recognized prime contractor for precision Sniper Weapon Systems (SWS). This evolution has been characterized by a rigorous adherence to quality over quantity, a strategic pivot toward military specifications, and the successful navigation of complex foreign military sales (FMS) environments.

The company’s strategic relevance is anchored by its flagship platform, the C14 Timberwolf Medium Range Sniper Weapon System (MRSWS). Adopted by the Canadian Armed Forces to modernize their precision engagement capabilities, the C14 platform facilitated the Canadian military’s transition to the.338 Lapua Magnum cartridge, significantly extending the effective lethality of infantry snipers beyond the limitations of the legacy 7.62x51mm NATO systems. Beyond domestic procurement, PGWDTI has secured high-value export contracts with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Ministry of Defence of Ukraine, establishing itself as a key supplier of anti-materiel and anti-personnel solutions in active conflict zones.

Technologically, PGW Defence is defined by its proprietary receiver designs, which prioritize reliability in extreme environmental conditions—a necessity born of its Canadian origins. The firm’s engineering philosophy emphasizes heavy-duty stainless steel construction, spiral-fluted bolts for debris clearance, and increasingly, modular integration with third-party chassis ecosystems such as those provided by Modular Driven Technologies (MDT). The recent introduction of Generation 3 (Gen 3) variants across its product line indicates a strategic rationalization of the supply chain, leveraging commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) partnerships to enhance production scalability while maintaining core ballistic performance.

However, the operational outlook for PGW Defence is currently characterized by significant transitional risks. The death of founder and visionary Ross Spagrud in 2025 ¹ marks a critical inflection point, representing a substantial loss of institutional memory and government relations expertise. Concurrently, the firm operates within a volatile regulatory framework; its heavy reliance on exports to geopolitical hotspots exposes it to the vagaries of Global Affairs Canada’s export permit regime. In the United States commercial market, the brand maintains a “unicorn” status—highly coveted by collectors but fundamentally constrained by restrictive import regulations and a lack of a centralized distribution infrastructure.

This report offers an exhaustive industry analysis of PGW Defence Technologies Inc., detailing its corporate genealogy, technical product specifications, export dynamics, and future trajectory. It is designed to serve as a definitive reference for defense sector investors, procurement officers, and small arms historians seeking to understand the firm’s pivotal role in the modernization of Western sniper capabilities.

1. Corporate Profile and Historical Evolution

1.1 Origins: The Prairie Gun Works Era (1992–1997)

The entity known today as PGW Defence Technologies Inc. began its corporate life in 1992 under the name Prairie Gun Works.¹ Founded by Ross Spagrud (1966–2025), a skilled tradesman and graduate of the Colorado School of Trades gunsmithing program, the company’s genesis was humble, rooted in the tradition of the bespoke North American gunsmith.¹

In the early 1990s, the firearms industry was largely bifurcated between massive state-owned or legacy manufacturers (like Colt, FN Herstal, and Remington) and small, local artisans. Prairie Gun Works occupied the latter category, operating initially as a general repair and customization shop in Winnipeg.³ Spagrud’s early business model was predicated on the “sporterization” of military surplus and the fabrication of high-end custom hunting rifles. This period was critical for establishing the firm’s core competency: the ability to machine metal to extremely tight tolerances, a skill set that is directly transferable from benchrest competition rifles to military sniper systems.

Unlike mass-market manufacturers that rely on casting or metal injection molding (MIM) to reduce costs, Prairie Gun Works established a culture of subtractive manufacturing—milling components from solid billets of steel. This “machinist first” mentality would eventually define the company’s military products, which are renowned not for their cheapness or speed of production, but for their over-engineered durability. Spagrud’s personal passion for big game hunting also influenced the company’s DNA; early designs were tested in the harsh Canadian wilderness, ensuring that mechanisms could function in sub-zero temperatures, a requirement that would later become a mandatory Key Performance Parameter (KPP) for the Canadian Army.¹

1.2 The Technological Pivot: Enter Stephen Altstadt (1997–2004)

The trajectory of the company shifted dramatically in 1997 with the arrival of Stephen Altstadt.¹ A Journeyman Millwright and former Reservist in the Canadian Forces, Altstadt brought a level of industrial discipline and technical acumen that facilitated the company’s transition from a workshop to a manufacturer.

Prior to Altstadt’s tenure, gunsmithing was largely a manual art. Altstadt introduced Computer-Aided Design (CAD) and Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) to the firm’s workflow.² This digitization of the manufacturing process was a watershed moment. It allowed Prairie Gun Works to move beyond “one-off” customs to reproducible, standardized batches of receivers and bolts. This capability is the prerequisite for any defense contractor; military procurement demands strict interchangeability of parts, meaning a bolt from Rifle A must fit and function in Rifle B. Without the CAD/CAM processes implemented by Altstadt, the company would never have qualified to bid on the C14 Timberwolf contract.

Altstadt’s background as a competitive long-range shooter also infused the design process with end-user feedback. The ergonomic features of the Timberwolf chassis—such as the adjustable length of pull and cheek riser—were refined through practical application on the competition range, ensuring that the final military product was ballistically capable and shooter-centric.¹

1.3 Rebranding and Corporate Maturation (2005–Present)

As the company began to court government contracts seriously, the name “Prairie Gun Works” was deemed too provincial for the international defense market. The rebranding to PGW Defence Technologies Inc. (PGWDTI) signaled a strategic pivot.¹ The retention of “PGW” paid homage to the founders’ roots, while “Defence Technologies” communicated the firm’s new ambition: to be a systems integrator for sovereign military powers.

During this maturation phase, the division of labor became distinct. Ross Spagrud assumed the role of the primary executive interface, handling the complex and often opaque world of government relations, contracting, and client management.² His ability to speak the language of both the gunsmith and the bureaucrat was vital in securing the confidence of the Department of National Defence (DND). Meanwhile, Altstadt focused on the technical horizon, driving the “highly accelerated product maturity process” that allowed PGW to iterate designs faster than larger, more bureaucratic competitors.²

1.4 Facilities and Industrial Footprint

PGW operates out of a specialized facility in Winnipeg, Manitoba. While not comparable in square footage to the massive arsenals of the Cold War era, the facility is dense with high-end CNC machining centers. The company operates as a “lean” manufacturer, maintaining a relatively small, highly skilled workforce. This structure allows PGW to maintain strict quality control—every rifle is essentially hand-finished—but it also imposes hard limits on production capacity.

The “boutique” nature of their industrial footprint means that PGW does not typically stockpile vast inventories of completed rifles. Instead, production is often batch-based, triggered by specific contracts or distributor orders. This “just-in-time” approach minimizes overhead but contributes to the extreme scarcity of their products in the civilian market, as there is rarely “excess” production capacity to divert to commercial sales.

2. Strategic Context: The Canadian Defense Industrial Base

To understand PGW Defence’s market position, one must contextualize it within the broader Canadian defense landscape. Canada possesses a sophisticated but highly consolidated small arms industry.

2.1 The Small Arms Ecosystem

The ecosystem is dominated by Colt Canada (formerly Diemaco), located in Kitchener, Ontario. Colt Canada is the government’s “Center of Excellence” for small arms, holding the sole-source contracts for the C7 (M16 variant) and C8 (M4 variant) assault rifles.⁴ In this environment, smaller firms like PGW must carve out specific niches where the prime contractor lacks focus or agility.

PGW identified the precision sniper rifle market as this niche. While Colt Canada produces the hammer-forged barrels for assault rifles, the specialized requirements of a sniper system—sub-MOA accuracy, complex bedding systems, and heavy-caliber recoil management—require a different manufacturing philosophy. PGW effectively positioned itself as the complementary specialist to Colt Canada’s generalist infantry capability.

2.2 Domestic Procurement Dynamics

The Canadian Department of National Defence (DND) utilizes a procurement system known for its complexity and extended timelines. For a small firm like PGW, winning the C14 MRSWS contract in 2005 was a “company-making” event.⁶

• Legitimacy: A contract with a G7 military provides instant validation in the global arms market. It serves as a “stamp of quality” that allows the manufacturer to market the weapon as “combat-proven.”
• Revenue Stability: While the initial contract value of $4.5 million CAD might appear small compared to aerospace deals, for a firm of PGW’s size, it provided the capital injection necessary to upgrade machinery and stabilize cash flow for nearly a decade.⁶
• Lifecycle Support: Beyond the hardware sale, military contracts generate long-tail revenue through maintenance, spare parts, and training services. PGW technicians provided training to military armorers, embedding the company further into the CAF’s logistical infrastructure.⁷

2.3 Export Dependency and Vulnerability

Despite the prestige of domestic contracts, the Canadian market is finite. The Canadian Army has a limited number of sniper sections. Consequently, PGW adopted an export-oriented growth strategy.

This strategy, however, tethered the company’s fate to the geopolitical winds of Ottawa. Under Canadian law, all military exports require permits from Global Affairs Canada, which assesses deals based on human rights records and strategic alignment. As a result, PGW’s business operations have frequently been held hostage to foreign policy debates in the House of Commons, particularly regarding sales to the Middle East.⁸ The reliance on exports creates a “feast or famine” revenue cycle, where a single frozen permit can threaten the company’s solvency—a reality that PGW executives frequently highlighted in media interviews.¹⁰

3. Product Portfolio: The Sniper Weapon Systems (SWS)

PGW Defence Technologies’ product line is characterized by a “family of systems” approach. The rifles share a common design language—spiral fluted bolts, heavy-duty receivers, and ergonomic chassis systems—but are scaled to accommodate different calibers and mission profiles.

3.1 C14 Timberwolf MRSWS (.338 Lapua Magnum)

The C14 Timberwolf is the defining product of the company. It serves as the primary sniper weapon system for the Canadian Army, designated the C14 MRSWS (Medium Range Sniper Weapon System).

3.1.1 Operational Requirement and Development

The development of the C14 was driven by the changing nature of infantry combat observed in the Balkans and Afghanistan. The previous standard, the C3A1 (a Parker-Hale design chambered in 7.62x51mm NATO), lacked the effective range to engage targets across the vast valleys of Kandahar province. Furthermore, the 7.62mm round lacked the terminal energy to defeat modern body armor or penetrate light cover at extended distances.

The.338 Lapua Magnum cartridge was selected as the solution. It bridges the gap between the 7.62mm and the.50 BMG, offering an effective range of 1,500 meters without the massive weight penalty of an anti-materiel rifle. PGW designed the Timberwolf specifically around this cartridge, creating a receiver rigid enough to handle the high chamber pressures while remaining man-portable.⁶

3.1.2 Technical Specifications (Gen 3 Configuration)

Specification	Metric (Imperial)	Metric (SI)	Notes
Caliber	.338 Lapua Magnum	8.6x70mm	CIP Commercial Standard 12
Action Type	Manual Bolt Action	—	Spiral fluted bolt body for debris clearance 13
Barrel Length	26 inches	660 mm	Match Grade 416 Stainless Steel 12
Twist Rate	1:10 inches	—	Optimized for 250-300gr VLD projectiles 12
Effective Range	~1,640 yards	1,500 meters	Anti-personnel effective range 11
Weight	~13.8 – 15.9 lbs	6.3 – 7.2 kg	Dependent on chassis/stock choice 12
Magazine Capacity	5 Rounds	—	Uses AICS pattern metal magazines (MDT) 12
Trigger	Adjustable	—	TriggerTech Diamond/Special (Gen 3) 12
Muzzle Velocity	~2,700 fps	823 m/s	With 300gr Sierra MatchKing 6

3.1.3 Engineering Features

• Spiral Fluted Bolt: The bolt features deep spiral flutes. While aesthetically distinct, the primary function is operational reliability. In freezing conditions or sandy environments, these flutes provide a recess for ice, mud, or sand to migrate into, preventing the bolt from binding inside the receiver.¹³
• Receiver Construction: The receiver is machined from high-tensile stainless steel with an integral recoil lug. This ensures that the massive recoil forces of the.338 LM are transmitted evenly to the chassis, preventing zero-shift over time.
• Chassis System: The Legacy Timberwolf used a proprietary folding stock with a distinct “skeletonized” look. The Gen 3 Timberwolf has transitioned to a fixed stock design (with MDT folding options available) that incorporates M-LOK attachment points, reflecting the modern requirement to mount thermal clip-ons, rangefinders, and ballistic computers.¹²

3.2 Coyote (7.62x51mm NATO /.308 Win)

While the Timberwolf handles long-range engagements, the Coyote is designed for the short-to-medium range role (0–900 meters). It serves operational requirements for urban environments where the.338 Lapua’s over-penetration and muzzle blast would be detrimental.

3.2.1 Technical Analysis

The Coyote is essentially a scaled-down Timberwolf. It shares the same control layout (safety, bolt handle ergonomics), which reduces the training burden for snipers transitioning between systems.

• Caliber Flexibility: While the standard military Coyote is chambered in 7.62x51mm NATO, PGW offers the system in high-performance civilian calibers such as 6.5 Creedmoor and 6.5×47 Lapua.¹⁴ This demonstrates the company’s responsiveness to the precision rifle competition market, where 6.5mm cartridges have largely replaced.308 due to superior ballistic coefficients.
• Gen 3 Updates: Like the Timberwolf, the Coyote Gen 3 has moved to AICS pattern magazines. This is a significant logistical improvement, as AICS magazines are the global standard for sniper rifles, widely available from multiple vendors (Magpul, MDT, AI), reducing supply chain fragility.¹²
• Accuracy: The system is guaranteed to shoot sub-MOA. Field reports and forum users consistently report performance in the 0.5 MOA range with match ammunition (e.g., Federal Gold Medal Match).¹⁵

3.3 LRT-3 SWS (.50 BMG)

The LRT-3 (Long Range Tactical – 3) represents the “heavy hammer” of the PGW portfolio. It is an Anti-Materiel Rifle (AMR) designed to destroy sensitive enemy equipment (radar dishes, parked aircraft, lightly armored vehicles) and engage hostile snipers at extreme distances.

3.3.1 Strategic Role

The LRT-3 competes directly with the Barrett M107 and the McMillan Tac-50. However, unlike the semi-automatic Barrett (which sacrifices some accuracy for volume of fire), the LRT-3 is a bolt-action platform. This choice prioritizes first-round hit probability over rate of fire—a doctrinal preference for Canadian and European sniper schools.

3.3.2 Specifications

Specification	Data	Notes
Caliber	.50 BMG	12.7x99mm NATO 13
Barrel Length	29 inches	Stainless Steel, Match Grade 17
Twist Rate	1:15 inches	Optimized for 750gr AMAX projectiles 17
Total Weight	25.1 lbs	11.4 kg (unloaded) 17
Effective Range	1,800 meters	Capable of 2,000m+ in skilled hands 17
Muzzle Device	High-Efficiency Brake	Threaded for large-volume suppressor 13

3.3.3 Operational History

The LRT-3 has seen active combat use in two major theaters:

1. Yemen: Used by Saudi Royal Land Forces (and captured by Houthi rebels).
2. Ukraine: Used by the Ukrainian Ground Forces in the Donbas region.
   Its presence in these conflicts highlights its robust design; the rifle must function in the scorching sands of the Arabian Peninsula and the freezing mud of the Eastern European steppe.13

3.4 Sporting and Commercial Variants (M15 / M18)

Recognizing the growing “Precision Rifle Series” (PRS) civilian market, PGW introduced the M15 and M18 series.

• M15 Elite Hunter: This rifle attempts to bridge the gap between a 15lb sniper rifle and a 7lb hunting rifle. It utilizes the robust PGW receiver geometry but pairs it with lighter contour barrels and carbon fiber or lightweight polymer stocks to make it carryable in the field.¹⁹
• M15 XRS / Oryx: These are hybrid models. PGW sells the barreled action (the core metal parts) dropped into a third-party chassis made by MDT (Modular Driven Technologies). The “Oryx” and “XRS” are MDT product names. This strategy allows PGW to offer a rifle at a lower price point (approx. $3,000 CAD) by utilizing a mass-produced chassis rather than their expensive proprietary CNC-machined stocks.¹⁹

4. Manufacturing, Engineering, and Technology

4.1 The “Quality Over Scale” Philosophy

PGW’s manufacturing ethos is distinct from mass-production facilities. They employ a “cell” manufacturing approach where skilled technicians oversee the entire assembly of a rifle, rather than a linear assembly line. This ensures strict quality control but results in longer lead times—often cited as 6 weeks or more for commercial orders.¹⁶

4.2 Supply Chain Rationalization (Gen 3 Shift)

A critical analysis of the Gen 3 product line reveals a strategic shift in manufacturing.

• Outsourcing Non-Criticals: The move to MDT magazines and compatibility with MDT stocks suggests that PGW has decided to stop manufacturing these complex plastic/aluminum ecosystem components in-house. This is a smart rationalization; MDT specializes in chassis/magazines and achieves economies of scale PGW cannot match.
• TriggerTech Integration: Similarly, standardizing on TriggerTech triggers (another Canadian company) replaces the need for in-house trigger tuning or sourcing from US manufacturers (like Remington or Timney), keeping the supply chain within Canada and immune to US ITAR restrictions on trigger components.¹²

4.3 Metallurgy and Materials

PGW makes extensive use of 416 Stainless Steel for barrels and actions.¹¹ 416SS is the industry standard for match barrels due to its machinability (allowing for incredibly precise rifling cuts) and resistance to corrosion. The bolts are often coated (PVD or Nitride) to provide surface hardness and lubricity, reducing the need for wet lubricants that can attract dust.²⁰

5. Global Operations and Export Geopolitics

5.1 The Middle East: The Saudi Contract (2016–2019)

The most financially significant period in PGW’s history involved the export of sniper systems to the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

• Scale: Reports indicate that Canada exported nearly 5,000 rifles to Saudi Arabia between 2016 and 2019, with PGW being the primary supplier of the sniper variants.⁸
• Financial Impact: Analysts estimate this contract generated upwards of $12.5 million CAD annually for the company, a transformative sum for a boutique manufacturer.⁸
• The Yemen Controversy: In February 2016, media outlets and open-source intelligence (OSINT) analysts identified PGW LRT-3 rifles in the hands of Houthi rebels in Yemen.¹⁰ The rifles were likely captured from Saudi border guards. This visual evidence fueled a fierce political debate in Canada regarding the ethics of arms exports. PGW’s leadership, specifically Ross Spagrud, vigorously defended the company, stating they operated in full compliance with Canadian law and that the diversion of weapons on a battlefield was beyond their control.¹⁰

5.2 Eastern Europe: The Ukraine Contract (2018–Present)

In August 2018, amidst the frozen conflict in the Donbas, PGW secured a $1 million CAD contract to supply LRT-3.50 caliber rifles to the Ukrainian military.¹⁸

• Strategic Signal: This deal was one of the first approved commercial sales of lethal weaponry from Canada to Ukraine, setting a precedent for later government aid.
• Operational Relevance: The static trench warfare of the Donbas (2014–2022) was dominated by sniper duels. The LRT-3 gave Ukrainian marksmen the ability to out-range Russian-backed separatists using SVD Dragunovs (effective ~800m) and engage fortified positions.²²

6. The US Civilian Market: Importation and Availability

For the American firearms enthusiast or industry analyst, PGW Defence represents a “forbidden fruit.” Despite sharing a border and close defense ties, PGW rifles are exceptionally rare in the United States commercial market.

6.1 The “Unicorn” Status and Scarcity

The scarcity of PGW rifles in the US is driven by two factors:

1. Low Production Volume: PGW prioritizes military contracts. Civilian sales are a secondary revenue stream, and when military orders (like the Saudi deal) are active, civilian production essentially halts.²³
2. Import Friction: While bolt-action rifles are generally importable, the bureaucratic overhead of US ATF Form 6 import permits and the specialized nature of the product deter high-volume distributors.

6.2 Who Imports PGW into the US?

There is no single, authorized master distributor for PGW in the United States as of 2025.

• Fragmented Importation: Importation occurs through a patchwork of boutique dealers. Historical snippets suggest entities like Drake Associates may have had access to technical data packages or distribution rights in the past.²⁴
• Boutique Facilitators: High-end dealers such as Mile High Shooting Accessories (known for Accuracy International) and EuroOptic generally do not stock PGW as a standard SKU, though they may facilitate special orders.²⁵
• Canadian Conduit: Often, US customers must buy from a Canadian dealer (like Nordic Marksman) and hire a specialized third-party importer (like Borderview or Polaris) to handle the permanent export/import paperwork. This process adds significant cost and time, ensuring only the most dedicated collectors acquire them.²⁷

6.3 Collector Value

Due to this scarcity, PGW rifles command high prices on the secondary market. On forums like Sniper’s Hide or Reddit r/longrange, a Timberwolf or Coyote is considered a “Grail Gun.” Prices for second-hand units often exceed their original retail value due to the “cool factor” of owning the same rifle used by Canadian snipers.²³

7. Operational Outlook and Risk Factors

7.1 Leadership Transition and Human Capital Risk

The death of Ross Spagrud in 2025 is a severe blow to the corporate structure.¹ Spagrud was not just a figurehead; he was the primary architect of the company’s government relations strategy. His personal relationships with procurement officers and his navigation of the Global Affairs export regime were critical assets. Stephen Altstadt remains as the technical visionary, but the company must now rebuild its executive interface with the government without its founder.

7.2 Regulatory and Political Risk

PGW’s business model is structurally vulnerable to Canadian foreign policy. The Liberal government in Ottawa has faced intense pressure to freeze arms exports to Saudi Arabia and other non-NATO allies. Any future moratorium on export permits would instantly sever the company’s primary revenue artery. While the Ukraine war provides a morally “safe” export destination, the volume of sales to Ukraine (initially $1M) pales in comparison to the Saudi contract ($50M+ total).

7.3 Operational Status 2025

Despite rumors of “winding down” that circulated in 2021 (likely triggered by cash flow issues during export permit delays), the release of the Gen 3 product line and the updated 2024/2025 website activity confirm the company remains operational.⁸ The shift toward COTS components (MDT/TriggerTech) suggests a leaner, more resilient manufacturing model designed to survive periods of lower contract volume.

8. Comprehensive Timeline of Key Events

Date	Event	Description	Source
1992	Founding	Ross Spagrud establishes Prairie Gun Works (PGW) in Winnipeg, Manitoba, as a custom gunsmithing shop.	1
1997	Expansion	Stephen Altstadt joins the firm, introducing CAD/CAM technology and initiating the transition to manufacturing.	1
2001	R&D	Development of the proprietary action and chassis system that would become the Timberwolf begins.	6
2005	The Big Win	PGW wins a $4.5 million CAD contract to supply the C14 Timberwolf MRSWS to the Canadian Land Force Command.	6
2005	LRT-3 Launch	Introduction of the LRT-3.50 BMG anti-materiel rifle.	28
2016	Saudi Deal	PGW begins fulfilling large-scale contracts for the Saudi Royal Land Forces.	8
Feb 2016	Yemen Leak	Houthi rebels in Yemen are filmed with captured PGW LRT-3 rifles. PGW denies illegal sales.	10
May 2018	Permit Crisis	PGW cited in Parliament as being in “crisis” due to delays in export permits from Global Affairs Canada.	9
Aug 2018	Ukraine Deal	PGW announces a $1 million CAD contract to supply LRT-3 rifles to the Ukrainian Ministry of Defence.	18
2021	Uncertainty	Industry rumors circulate regarding PGW “winding down” amidst export freezes; company remains active.	8
2023	Gen 3 Launch	Release of the Gen 3 Timberwolf and Coyote, featuring MDT magazines and modernized stocks.	12
2025	Founder Death	Ross Spagrud passes away. The company continues operations under remaining leadership.	1

9. Conclusion

PGW Defence Technologies Inc. exemplifies the “high-mix, low-volume” defense manufacturer. By dominating the specific vertical of extreme-range sniper systems, they secured an outsized footprint in the global arms trade relative to their small industrial base. Their rifles—the C14 Timberwolf, Coyote, and LRT-3—are empirically validated tools of war, trusted by Tier 1 operators from the Canadian JTF2 to the Ukrainian Special Forces.

However, the firm’s history serves as a cautionary tale regarding the fragility of the arms trade. PGW’s fortunes have oscillated wildly based on the issuance of export permits, highlighting the risks of relying on foreign military sales in a politically sensitive domestic environment. For the US market, PGW remains a shadow—a brand known by reputation but rarely seen in the flesh. Moving forward, the post-Spagrud era will define whether PGW can evolve from a founder-led boutique into an institutionalized defense contractor, or if it will retrench into a specialized workshop serving a dwindling list of approved clients.

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